img

官方微信

高级检索

中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 85-95.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00204

• • 上一篇    下一篇

北方农牧交错带中心支轴式灌溉模式对水土资源的影响

连杰1,2(), 冯静1,2, 苏娜1,2(), 刘尚华4, 张雷5, 王新源2,3, 张蕊1,2, 吴明润2,3   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,奈曼沙漠化研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    4.鄂尔多斯市林业和草原科学研究所,内蒙古 鄂尔多斯 017010
    5.内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院 荒漠化研究所,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-29 修回日期:2025-07-04 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-08-18
  • 通讯作者: 苏娜
  • 作者简介:连杰(1985—), 男, 甘肃张掖人, 副研究员,研究方向为恢复生态学。E-mail: lianjie@lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区揭榜挂帅项目(2024JBGS0020);国家自然科学基金项目(41807525);国家自然科学基金项目(42207538)

Effects of center-pivot irrigation on soil and water resources in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Northern China

Jie Lian1,2(), Jing Feng1,2, Na Su1,2(), Shanghua Liu4, Lei Zhang5, Xinyuan Wang2,3, Rui Zhang1,2, Mingrun Wu2,3   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands /, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
    4.Research Institute of Forestry and Grassland in Ordos,Ordos 017010,Inner Mongolia,China
    5.Institute of Deseritification Research,Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences,Hohhot 010010,China
  • Received:2025-05-29 Revised:2025-07-04 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-08-18
  • Contact: Na Su

摘要:

北方农牧交错带(NCAPE)作为中国生态安全屏障与农牧生产核心区,面临水资源短缺、粮食安全与土地退化等多重压力。本研究跟踪2000年以来NCAPE半干旱沙地天然草原(NG)向典型农牧种植系统的转型过程,对中心支轴式灌溉(CPI)模式下的常规喷灌面(SIA)和潜在沙漠化喷灌面(DL)进行调查,揭示CPI模式驱动的土地利用变化对区域水土资源的深层影响。结果表明:(1)CPI规模化推广显著提升植被生产力(NDVI年增0.011),但加剧地下水超采风险,其中地下水深埋深组(>20 m)年均水位净降幅(ΔGD=0.67±0.05 m),显著高于浅埋深(GD≤10 m)和中埋深组(10 m<GD≤20 m)。(2)CPI系统驱动土地资源利用强度提升。燕麦喷灌区生物量碳(206.2 g·m-2)、氮(14.7 g·m-2)、磷(2 092.8 mg·m-2)含量显著高于NG,且1 m土层深度的氮密度显著增加。(3)DL土壤有机碳和全氮含量、有机碳密度显著低于NG。未来农业集约化须协同“水沙”双约束,通过种植结构优化、灌溉制度精准调控,构建与区域“水沙”平衡相匹配的现代化农牧体系,保障NCAPE生态屏障功能与粮食安全协同发展。

关键词: 人工草地, 地下水埋深, 灌溉, 土地利用, 半干旱沙地

Abstract:

The Northern China Agro-Pastoral Ecotone (NCAPE), a critical zone for ecological security and agro-pastoral production, faces multiple pressures including water scarcity, food security challenges, and land degradation. This study investigates the profound impacts of land-use changes driven by center-pivot irrigation (CPI) systems on regional soil and water resources, focusing on the transition from natural grasslands (NG) to cultivated pastures in semi-arid sandy areas. Results include: (1) Groundwater depletion: large-scale CPI adoption significantly enhanced vegetation productivity (NDVI yearly growth rate: 0.011, P<0.05) but exacerbated groundwater over-extraction. Deep groundwater levels (>20 m depth) exhibited an annual net decline (ΔGD=0.67±0.05 m), significantly greater than in shallow (≤10 m) and intermediate (10-20 m) aquifers (P<0.05). (2) Enhanced land productivity: CPI systems intensified land resource utilization. Oat-irrigated plots showed significantly higher biomass carbon (206.2 g·m⁻²), nitrogen (14.7 g·m⁻²), and phosphorus (2 092.8 mg·m⁻²) densities compared to NG. Nitrogen density in the 1-m soil profile also increased markedly (P<0.05). (3) Desertification risks: potentially desertified CPI plots (DL) had significantly lower soil organic carbon, total nitrogen content, and organic carbon density than NG (P<0.05), even under fertilization. Future agricultural intensification must address dual constraints of water and sand dynamics through optimized crop structures and precision irrigation management. Building a modern agro-pastoral system aligned with regional water-sand equilibrium is essential to harmonize ecological security and food production in the NCAPE.

Key words: cultivated grassland, groundwater depth, irrigation, land use, semi-arid sandy land

中图分类号: